DENVER (AP) 鈥 Colorado鈥檚 highest court on Monday upheld the search of Google users' keyword history to identify suspects in a 2020 fatal arson fire, an approach that critics have called a digital dragnet that threatens to undermine people's privacy and their constitutional protections against unreasonable searches and seizures.
However the Colorado Supreme Court cautioned it was not making a 鈥渂road proclamation鈥 on the constitutionality of such warrants and emphasized it was ruling on the facts of just this one case.
At issue before the court was a search warrant from Denver police requiring Google to provide the IP addresses of anyone who had searched over 15 days for the address of the home that was set on fire,
After some back and forth over how Google would be able to provide information without violating its privacy policy, Google produced a spreadsheet of sixty-one searches made by eight accounts. Google provided the IP addresses for those accounts, but no names. Five of the IP addresses were based in Colorado and police obtained the names of those people through another search warrant. After investigating those people, police eventually identified three teens as suspects.
One of them, Gavin Seymour, asked the court to throw the evidence out because it violated the Fourth Amendment's ban on unreasonable searches and seizures by being overbroad and not being targeted against a specific person suspected of a crime.
Search warrants to gather evidence are typically sought once police have identified a suspect and gathered some probable cause to believe they committed a crime. But in this case, the trail had run cold and police were seeking a 鈥渞everse keyword鈥 warrant for the Google search history in a quest to identify possible suspects. Since the attack seemed targeted, investigators believed whoever set fire to the house would have searched for directions to it.
The state Supreme Court ruled that Seymour had a constitutionally protected privacy interest in his Google search history even though it was just connected with an IP address and not his name. While it also said it assumes that the warrant was 鈥渃onstitutionally defective鈥 for not specifying an 鈥渋ndividualized probable cause鈥, the court said it would not throw out the evidence because police were acting in good faith under what was known about the law at the time.
The court said it was not aware of any other state supreme court or federal appellate court that has dealt with this type of warrant before.
鈥淥ur finding of good faith today neither condones nor condemns all such warrants in the future. If dystopian problems emerge, as some fear, the courts stand ready to hear argument regarding how we should rein in law enforcement鈥檚 use of rapidly advancing technology. Today, we proceed incrementally based on the facts before us," it said.
In a dissent, Justice Monica Marquez said such a wide-ranging search of a billion Google users' search history without a particular target is exactly the kind the Fourth Amendment was designed to stop.
鈥淎t the risk of sounding alarmist, I fear that by upholding this practice, the majority鈥檚 ruling today gives constitutional cover to law enforcement seeking unprecedented access to the private lives of individuals not just in Colorado, but across the globe. And I fear that today鈥檚 decision invites courts nationwide to do the same,鈥 she said in the dissent, which Justice Carlos Samour joined in.
In a statement, Google said it was important that the court's ruling recognized the privacy and First Amendment interests involved in keyword searches.
鈥淲ith all law enforcement demands, including reverse warrants, we have a rigorous process designed to protect the privacy of our users while supporting the important work of law enforcement,鈥 it said.
The ruling allows the prosecution of Seymour and Kevin Bui, who were 16 at the time of the Aug. 5, 2020, fire, to move ahead in adult court on charges of first-degree murder, attempted murder, arson and burglary. Investigators allege Bui organized the attack on the home
Telephone messages and an email sent to Seymour's lawyers, Jenifer Stinson and Michael Juba, were not immediately returned. A lawyer for Bui, Christian Earle, could not be reached for comment.
A third teen, Dillon Siebert, who was 14 at the time and originally charged as a juvenile, pleaded guilty earlier this year to second-degree murder in adult court under a deal that prosecutors and the defense said balanced his lesser role in planning the fire, his remorse and interest in rehabilitation with the horror of the crime. behind bars.
