WASHINGTON (AP) 鈥 Schools and colleges across the U.S. face a Friday deadline to end diversity programs or risk having their federal money pulled by the Trump administration, yet few are openly rushing to make changes. Many believe they鈥檙e on solid legal ground, and they know it would be all but unprecedented 鈥 and extremely time-consuming 鈥 for the government to cut off funding.
State officials in Washington and California urged schools not to make changes, saying it doesn鈥檛 change federal law and doesn鈥檛 require any action. New York City schools have taken the same approach and said district policies and curriculum have not changed.
Leaders of some colleges shrugged the memo off entirely. 鈥檚 chief said 鈥渕ost of higher education鈥 won鈥檛 comply with the memo unless federal law is changed. Western Michigan University鈥檚 president told his campus to 鈥減lease proceed as usual.鈥
A memo issued Feb. 14 by President Donald , formally known as a Dear Colleague Letter, gave schools two weeks to halt any practice that treats people differently because of their race.
On Thursday, the department launched a new inviting students, parents and others to report discrimination based on race or sex in public schools. The department said it will use submissions to identify investigation targets.
Opponents say the memo is an overreach meant to have a chilling effect. The guidance appears to forbid everything from classroom lessons on racism to colleges' efforts to , and even voluntary student groups like Black student unions.
Education organizations have been urging a measured approach, warning institutions not to make any hasty cuts that would be difficult to undo. Ted Mitchell, president of the American Council on Education, is telling colleges that if they were in compliance with federal law before the memo, they still are.
鈥淭here鈥檚 nothing to act on until we see the administration or its agencies try to stop something,鈥 Mitchell said. 鈥淎nd then we鈥檒l have the argument.鈥
Investigations rarely come close to cutting schools' federal funding
A loss of federal money would be devastating for schools and colleges, but imposing that penalty would not be quick or simple.
The Education Department office that conducts had fewer than 600 employees last year 鈥 before the Trump administration began cutting staff 鈥 while the U.S. has more than 18,000 school districts and 6,000 colleges.
Even when a school or state faces an investigation, it can take years to terminate funding. Under former President Joe Biden, the Education Department tried to pull federal money from Michigan鈥檚 education agency after finding it violated the rights of students with disabilities. The investigation began in 2022 and is still tied up in federal court.
鈥淚 hope very much that schools charged with providing inclusive, equal education to every student in their school community will stand for that principle,鈥 said Catherine Lhamon, who led the department鈥檚 under Biden.
Still, some education leaders say resistance is too risky. At the University of Cincinnati, President Neville G. Pinto said officials are evaluating jobs related to diversity, equity and inclusion, and removing DEI references from school websites.
鈥淕iven this new landscape, Ohio public and federally supported institutions like ours have little choice but to follow the laws that govern us,鈥 Pinto wrote.
Ohio State's president, Ted Carter, announced Thursday that it would and cancel some of its services, effective Friday. With an anti-DEI bill also pending in Ohio's legislature, he said he concluded the best course was to act preemptively.
Tony Frank, chancellor of the Colorado State University system, wrote in a campus letter that he weighed taking a stand against the department. But he advised the system's campuses to comply, saying there鈥檚 too much at stake for students and staff. 鈥淚f we gamble here and are wrong, someone else will pay the price,鈥 he wrote.
New guidance brings a shift in interpretation of nondiscrimination laws
In many , education chiefs applauded the memo.
鈥淲e never felt it was appropriate to use race in making these types of decisions in the first case, so I do not foresee any interruptions in our day-to-day business,鈥 Alabama鈥檚 state superintendent, Eric G. Mackey, said in a statement released by the Trump administration.
The memo said schools have promoted DEI efforts often at the expense of white and Asian American students.
It doesn鈥檛 carry the weight of law but explains how the new administration will interpret nondiscrimination laws. It dramatically expands a 2023 Supreme Court decision barring the use of race in college admissions to all aspects of education 鈥 including, hiring, promotion, scholarships, housing, graduation ceremonies and campus life.
The guidance is being by the American Federation of Teachers, which said the memo violates free speech laws.
Some districts already have struck language about equity goals from their websites. While some school leaders are keeping quiet out of fear of being targeted, many also are still struggling to grasp the memo's implications.
鈥淲e are looking to our attorney general for guidance because it鈥檚 very confusing,鈥 said Christine Tucci Osorio, superintendent of the North St. Paul School District in Minnesota. When a teacher asked if their school could still mark African American History Month, she assured them they could.
Despite concerns that schools would rush to comply, it appears 鈥渃ooler heads are largely prevailing,鈥 said Liz King, senior director for the education equity program at the Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights.
鈥淥nce a school sends the message that they are not going to stand up for a member, a community within their school, that is broken trust, that is a lost relationship,鈥 King said.
Like no president before him, Trump wields funding threat to support his agenda
Trump has vowed to use education funding as on several fronts, threatening cuts for schools that do not get in line with his agenda on topics including in girls' sports and .
Usually, civil rights investigations by the Education Department take at least six months and often much longer. If a school is found in violation of federal law, department policy offers a chance to come into compliance and sign a resolution 鈥 typically a 90-day process.
Only if a school refuses to comply can the department move to revoke federal money. That can be done in the Education Department through a court-like process decided by an administrative law judge. If the judge decides the penalty is justified, the school can appeal it to the education secretary and, after that, challenge it in court.
Instead of handling it internally, the department can also refer cases to the Justice Department for prosecution. That route is no faster.
The last time the Education Department was granted approval to cut federal funding was in 1992, against the Capistrano Unified School District in California, which was found to have retaliated against a teacher for filing sex discrimination complaints.
Before the penalty was carried out, the district reinstated the teacher and effectively ended the case. It never lost any money.
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Gecker reported from San Francisco, and Mumphrey from Phoenix.
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