NEW DELHI (AP) 鈥 India became the first country to land a spacecraft near the moon鈥檚 south pole on Wednesday 鈥 a historic voyage to uncharted territory that scientists believe could hold vital reserves of frozen water, and a technological triumph for the world鈥檚 most populous nation.
After a failed attempt to land on the moon in 2019, India now joins the United States, the Soviet Union and China as only the fourth country to achieve this milestone. A lander with a rover inside touched down on the lunar surface at 6:04 p.m. local time, sparking celebrations across India, including in the southern Indian city of Bengaluru, where space scientists watching the landing erupted in cheers and applause.
The successful mission showcases India鈥檚 rising standing as a technology and space powerhouse and dovetails with the image that Prime Minister Narendra Modi is trying to project: an ascendant country asserting its place among the global elite.
鈥淚ndia is now on the moon. India has reached the south pole of the moon 鈥 no other country has achieved that. We are witnessing history,鈥 Modi said as he waved the Indian tri-colored flag while watching the landing from South Africa, where he is participating in the .
The lunar rover will slide down a flap from the lander within hours or a day and conduct experiments, including an analysis of the mineral composition of the lunar surface, said S. Somnath, chairman of the state-run Indian Space Research Organization.
The mission, which began more than a month ago at an estimated cost of $75 million, is expected to last another two weeks. Somnath said that India would next attempt a manned lunar mission.
Nuclear-armed India grew to become last year, and the success of the lunar mission will likely help Modi鈥檚 popularity ahead of a crucial general election next year.
India鈥檚 success comes just days after , which was aiming for the same lunar region, spun into an uncontrolled orbit and crashed. It would have been the first successful Russian lunar landing after a gap of 47 years. Russia鈥檚 head of the state-controlled space corporation Roscosmos to the lack of expertise due to the long break in lunar research that followed the last Soviet mission to the moon in 1976.
Modi鈥檚 efforts to revitalize India鈥檚 global standing 鈥 and to finally shake off the legacy of British colonialization 鈥 has resonated with many Indians. The moon landing was seen by many as further proof that their country is a rising, modern superpower.
Excited and anxious people across India crowded around televisions in offices, shops, restaurants and homes. Thousands prayed Tuesday for the success of the mission with oil lamps on the river banks, temples and religious places, including the holy city of Varanasi in northern India.
As the lander approached the lunar surface, dozens of people in a government-run planetarium started praying with folded hands. They switched to cheering and clapping once the lander touched down.
A man waved a banner reading 鈥欌橳he Moon in India鈥檚 arms.鈥
Shrini Singh, a New Delhi resident, said she got goosebumps. 鈥欌橧t鈥檚 a very happy moment 鈥 you can see the energy. It鈥檚 beyond words.鈥
Mitakshi Sinha, a student, said the successful mission motivated her. "And now I also want to be part of ISRO,鈥 she said, referring to the country's space agency.
India will host next month's G-20 Summit, and Modi is expected to use the event to spotlight the country鈥檚 growing geopolitical clout. Even as it maintains historic ties with Russia, the U.S. and other Western nations continue to woo India, whom they see as a critical bulwark against China鈥檚 growing influence.
Accolades poured in from around the world to acknowledge India鈥檚 emergence as a modern space power.
NASA Administrator Bill Nelson congratulated India on X, formerly known as Twitter, saying ``We鈥檙e glad to be your partner on this mission!鈥
鈥淚ncredible!鈥 European Space Agency鈥檚 director general Josef Aschbacher tweeted.
India鈥檚 Chandrayaan-3 鈥 鈥渕oon craft鈥 in Sanskrit 鈥 in southern India on July 14.
Many countries and private companies are interested in the south pole region because permanently shadowed craters may hold frozen water that could help future astronaut missions use it as a potential source of drinking water or to make rocket fuel.
The six-wheeled lander and rover module of Chandrayaan-3 is configured with payloads that will provide data to the scientific community on the properties of lunar soil and rocks, including chemical and elemental compositions.
India鈥檚 previous attempt to land a robotic spacecraft near the moon鈥檚 little-explored south pole . It entered the lunar orbit but lost touch with its lander, which crashed while making its final descent to deploy a rover to search for signs of water. According to a failure analysis report submitted to the ISRO, the crash was caused by a software glitch.
The $140-million mission in 2019 was intended to study permanently shadowed moon craters that are thought to contain water deposits and were confirmed by India鈥檚 Chandrayaan-1 orbiter mission in 2008.
But India's space program has been steadily advancing for years.
Active since the 1960s, India has launched satellites for itself and other countries, and successfully put one in orbit around Mars in 2014. India is planning its first mission to the International Space Station next year, in collaboration with the United States.
The anticipation for a successful landing rose after Russia鈥檚 failed attempt and as India鈥檚 regional rival China, which landed on the moon in 2013, reaches for new milestones in space. In May, China launched a three-person crew for its orbiting space station and hopes to put before the end of the decade. Relations between India and China have plunged since deadly border clashes in 2020.
Numerous countries and private companies are racing to successfully land a spacecraft on the lunar surface. In April, a Japanese company鈥檚 spacecraft while attempting to land on the moon. An Israeli nonprofit tried to achieve a similar feat in 2019, but its .
Japan plans to launch a lunar lander to the moon over the weekend as part of an X-ray telescope mission, and two U.S. companies also are vying to put landers on the moon by the end of the year, one of them at the south pole. In the coming years, NASA plans to land astronauts at the lunar south pole, taking advantage of the frozen water in craters.
Pallava Bagla, a science writer and co-author of books on India鈥檚 space exploration, said the Russian failure days earlier did not put India off. He also said lessons learned from India鈥檚 failed mission four years ago were incorporated and a flawless mission was executed on Wednesday.
"Indians didn鈥檛 get derailed. They continued the journey with strength and confidence that paid off,鈥 he said.
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Video Journalist Shonal Ganguly contributed to this report from New Delhi.
